Photochemical Synthesis of Benzopinacol free essay sample

In this response, particles of benzophenone was brought to n((* triplet state where it perhaps disconnected hydrogen from isopropyl liquor and through ensuing responses of radicals it framed two diphenyl ketyl radical which dimerized into benzopinacol. Along these lines, blend of combined benzopinacol, icy acidic corrosive and iodine gem responded in a corrosive catalyzed improvement wherein drying out of benzopinacol came about into the development of carbocation. In this express, a fragrant moved and afterward, shaping delocalized carbocation. A while later, recovering the impetus settled the particle into benzopinacolone. After subjective and quantitative examination of the items, it was discovered that benzopinacol was effectively incorporated as confirmed by the IR range which contained OH wide stretch at 3417. 86 cm-1-3460. 30 cm-1 and hints at 1800 cm-1-1950 cm-1 locale. Nonetheless, irregularity was seen in the decided liquefying purpose of 200(C-210(C which veered off from hypothetical 47. 9(C maybe because of ill-advised utilization of the device. On the other hand, union of benzopinacolone was not a triumph as there was no intense change seen in its IR range to that of benzopinacol and deviation on decided softening point from 175(C-177(C to 190(C-197(C which possibly because of deficiency of response. Low yields were likewise acquired after the analysis as just 18. 16 %( 0. 73g) benzopinacol and 21. 88% (0. 104g) benzopinacolone was gathered. I. Presentation Photochemistry is the investigation of substance responses, isomerizations and physical conduct which happens affected by obvious or bright light. There are two major laws in respect with this rule. To start with, the Grotthuss-Draper law which expresses that light should be assimilate by the compound in order to start photochemical response. Second, the Stark-Einstein’s law which expresses that for every photon of light consumed by the compound, just a single atom is enacted for continuing responses. Here, the retention of obvious or bright light energizes the atoms wherein change in sub-atomic orbital inhabitance, an expansion in vitality, change in neighborhood dissemination and change in control dispersion happens. This excitation brings about the number of inhabitants in higher vibrational levels where a few marvels may then occur, for example, the vibrational vitality lost might be use to loosen up the atom carrying it to zero vibrational level. Another, the energized state may come back to ground state by discharging photon. The vitality of this transmitted light is lower to the at first consumed light. This radiative rot is called fluorescence on the off chance that it happens quickly from starting to energized state. What's more, glow in the event that it happens gradually by another energized state. Furthermore, in conclusion, the particle may cut into radicals. For better representation, In the Jablonski graph, appeared above, it highlights potential courses for energized atom to return into its ground state. In the graph, electronic conditions of atoms and change states are appeared. The states are orchestrated vertically by vitality and are gathered on a level plane by their turn assortment. This outwardly presents the component in particle excitation and unwinding. For the most part for aryl ketones like benzophenone, after excitation, it might potentially experience hydrogen reflection, bond cleavage or cycloaddtion. Another rule to be utilized in this amalgamation is the pinacol modification. In this marvel, the atom is dehydrolyzed within the sight of a corrosive and in this manner, arrangement of carbocation happens. At that point, a move is seen by one of the particles to the carbocation. Lastly, to balance out the particle, impetus is then recovered to yield the last item. In this examination, benzopinacol is to be integrated through photochemical response from benzophenone and benzopinacolone by means of corrosive catalyzed revamp of benzopinacol. II. System In this test, benzopinacol was to be incorporated through photochemical response and its corrosive catalyzed modification item benzopinacolone. Union of Benzopinacol In this combination, 2. 0g of benzophenone was broken down in 50ml isopropyl liquor in 50ml Erlenmeyer carafe. In this arrangement, one drop of frosty acidic corrosive was included. It was then topped with isopropyl liquor off to the edge. After, the jar was stoppered utilizing a very much moved plug. It was guaranteed that next to no air as potential was caught inside the cup. It was firmly tie utilizing a parafilm. The cup was modified and presented to daylight outside the research facility. After all extra item stopped to frame, the response blend was cooled in an ice shower to permit precipitation of benzopinacol. The last item was then sifted off from the arrangement utilizing a Buchener pipe. Its softening point, yield and infrared spetrum was then acquired. The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benzopinacol In this blend, in a test tube, 2. 5ml of cold acidic corrosive and a little precious stone of iodine were set. In this test tube, 0. 5g of benzopinacol as of late blended was included. The arrangement was then warmth to break down benzopinacol and further warmed for 5 minutes. After a firm glue item framed, the response blend was cooled to room temperature. The crystalline mass that shaped was in this manner diminished to pieces. Utilizing a little ethanol, the glue was diminished. The blend was then centrifuged and the supernant was tapped leaving the solids in the test tube. Another two centrifugations were performed, note that, modest quantity of ethanol was included after every decantation. The item framed was then moved to a channel paper by resuspending the solids in a little chilly ethanol. At that point, it was separated through attractions. It was along these lines take shape by dissolving the sifted solids in a 5ml of 2:1 blend of toluene and hexane in a pre-gauged vial. The vial was secured with aluminum foil with gaps and was left in the smoke hood to dry the item. Its softening, yield and infared range was gotten the following gathering. III. Results and Discussion In this trial, it is meant to orchestrated benzopinacol from benzophenone by means of photochemical response and benzopinacolone through corrosive catalyzed modification. In the union of benzopinacol, benzophenone experienced photochemical response. Here, the beginning material was presented to daylight which provided enough vitality to energize its particles. Benzophenone after retaining light, experienced a fast intersystem intersection of n((* singlet state to a vivaciously close (((* triplet state. At that point, the last quickly rotted into n((* triplet state. This pathway is appeared on the accompanying graph: Figure 1: Benzophenone Excited State In the chart, energized benzophenone was loose through transformation to a triplet state and in this manner loose by means of brightness. After photoexcitation of benzophenone, hydrogen reflection response along these lines continued. Figure 2: Hydrogen Abstraction of Isopropyl Alcohol The n((* triplet condition of carbonyl mixes is diradicaloid in nature henceforth, potentially take an interest in hydrogen reflection. In Figure 2, in this instrument, hydrogen of isopropyl liquor was disconnected by benzophenone in a n((* triplet state to yield diphenyl ketyl and dimethyl ketyl radical. Figure 3: Radical Transfer Here, radical exchange from the dimethyl ketyl radical to benzophenone happened in which yielded CH3)2CO and another diphenyl ketyl radical. Figure 4: Dimerization of Diphenyl Ketyl Radicals In this last instrument, the two recently delivered diphenyl ketyl radicals dimerized to frame benzopinacol. Preceding the response system, as done in the strategies, one drop of icy acidic corrosive was included the response blend. It was done to evacuate the antacid which perhaps present in the blend that would therefore make deterioration of the item benzophenone and benzohydrol. After the blend, subjective investigation was done to the orchestrated item to check its prosperity. Figure 5: IR Spectrum of Synthesized Benzopinacol Looking at the structure of benzopinacol, it was to be required to have a wide â€OH stretch and suggestions locale. In the infrared range of the integrated item as appeared in Figure 5, there was a wide stretch at 3417. 86 cm-1-3460. 30 cm-1, encompassed in blue, which is especially because of hydroxyl present in the compound. What's more, a hints at 1800 cm-1-1950 cm-1 as appeared in the Figure5, enclosed with red, is basically because of the nearness of fragrant rings. Another subjective test done was the liquefying point assurance of the last item. Hypothetically, the liquefying purpose of benzophenone is 47. 9(C. In any case, the combined item liquefied at 200(C-210(C. This irregularity possibly because of ill-advised utilization of liquefying point mechanical assembly since there was watched consistency with the infrared range got. Quantitatively, the hypothetical yield of the item should be 4. 02g anyway in the blend 0. 73g or just 18. 16% was combined. Loss of material was possibly because of long stockpiling of the item inside the storage wherein a few items spilled out the holder. From the integrated benzophenone, 0. 5g was utilized to integrate benzopinacolone by means of corrosive catalyzed reworking. Figure 6: Benzopinacol Rearrangement In this disproportionation response, frosty acidic corrosive protonated one of the hydroxyl gathering, thus giving a positive charge on oxygen. Subsequently, the compound was then dried out where water was expelled and in this manner framing a carbocation. At that point, it experienced pinacolone adjustment wherein a fragrant relocated to the carbocation recently shaped and subsequently, framing an increasingly steady carbocation middle where charge was delocalized in a heteroatom as H+ is appended with oxygen. Furthermore, since, H+ was the impetus, it was recovered subsequently balancing out the atom framing benzopinacolone.

Exercise 8: Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion

Lab Report 8 April fifteenth Exercise 8: Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion Lab Report Questions Activity 1 What is the contrast between the IKI examine and Benedict’s test? IKI test distinguishes the nearness of starch, and the Benedict test tests for the nearness of decreasing sugars just as IKI turns blue dark while Benedict is a brilliant blue that changes to green to orange to rosy earthy colored with expanding levels of maltose What was the motivation behind cylinders #1 and #2? For what reason are they important?Because they are the controls and the controls must be set up to give a known standard against which all examinations must be made. Positive controls the entirety of the necessary substances are incorporated and negative a negative outcome is normal approving the investigation. What impact did pH level have on the protein? It in part permitted the compound to carry out its responsibility in light of the fact that there were certain indications of both starch and its decreasing sugars. What impact did bubbling and freezing have on the action of amylase?Boiling didn't permit the breakdown of starch in light of the fact that the diminished sugars were absent and the starch was the place the freezing demonstrated a ++ for the lessening sugars and a negative outcome in the starch indicating that it decreased the starch. Action 2 What was the impact of the compound peptidase? Why? The catalyst peptidase couldn't separate the starch by demonstrating that there is sure IKI test for starch and a negative Benedict test for its diminished sugars. What is cellulose? As per your outcomes, does salivary amylase digest cellulose?Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in plants to give unbending nature to their cell dividers and salivary amylase can't process it on the grounds that there were no positive indications of the Benedict test which should have been sure if a breakdown occurred. What befell the cellulose in tube #6? It was processed by th e microbes giving an extremely positive indication for the Benedict test. Movement 3 What is the ideal pH level for pepsin? For what reason do you imagine that is? The ideal pH for pepsin is around 2. 0 since it demonstrated a higher ideal thickness indicating that more BPNA has been hydrolyzed.Also the stomach is exceptionally acidic adding to the thinking that pepsin will function admirably in acidic situations. How was optical thickness estimated? What is the criticalness of this estimation? A spectrometer sparkle light through the example and afterward gauges how much light is ingested. The portion of light retained is communicated as the example of optical thickness. The higher the optical thickness is more prominent than zero the more hydrolysis has happened. Movement 4 Why do lipids present exceptional issues for digestion?Because the insolubility of the triglycerides presents a test since they will in general bunch together leaving surface particles presented to lipase prote ins. How do bile salts impact lipid assimilation? Bile salts are discharged into the small digestive system during absorption to truly emulsify lipids. They go about as a cleanser isolating the lipid clusters and increment the surface territory available to the lipase proteins. What variables influence stomach related chemicals? A few factors that influence stomach related catalysts are pH and the measure of lipase and bile salts in an answer.

Guide to The NY Times Five Best College Essays on Work, Money and Class - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

Guide to The NY Times Five Best College Essays on Work, Money and Class - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts Guide to The NY Times Five Best College Essays on Work, Money and Class Guide to The NY Times Five Best College Essays on Work, Money and Class Every year, The New York Times issues an open call for college application essays on the subject of money, work, and class. Money becomes a lens through which identity, family, and dreams, can be glimpsed. Out of the many submissions they received this year, The Times published the five best essays (four were published in the newspaper, and one in The Times’s new Snapchat Discover Feature). You can read them all here: 4 Standout College Application Essays on Work, Money and Class. So, you might ask, What can I learn from this year’s crop of college essays about money, work and class? And how can they help me craft my own memorable, standout essays?  To help get to the bottom of what made the Times featured essays so exceptional, we made you a guide on  what worked, and what you can emulate in your own essays to make them just as memorable for admissions. Contradictions are the stuff of great literature. “I belong to the place where opposites merge in aheap of beautiful contradictions,” muses Tillena Treborn in her lyrical essay on straddling rural and urban life in Flagstaff, AZ, one of the five pieces selected by the Times this year. Each of the highlighted essays mined contradictions: immigrant versus citizen; service worker versus client; insider versus outsider; urban versus rural; poverty versus wealth; acceptance versus rebellion; individual versus family. Every day, we navigate opposing forces in our lives. These strugglesâ€"often rich, and full of tensionâ€"make for excellent essay topics. Ask yourself this: Do you straddle the line between ethnicities, religions, generations, languages, or locales? If so, how? In what ways do you feel like you are stuck between two worlds, or like you are an outsider? Examining the essential contradictions in your own life will provide you with fodder for a fascinating, insightful colleg e essay.   The magic  is in the details especially the sensory ones. Sensory details bring writing to life by allowing readers to experience how something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels. In his American dream-themed essay about his immigrant mother cleaning the apartment of two professors, Jonathan Ababiy describes “the whir,” “suction,” and “squeal” of her “blue Hoover vacuum” as it leaps across “miles of carpet.” These descriptions allow us to both hear and see the symbolic vacuum in action. The slice-of-life familial essay by Idalia Felipethe only essay to be published in The Times’ Snapchat Discover featureopens with a scene: “As I sit facing our thirteen-year old refrigerator, my stomach growls at the scent of handmade tortillas and meat sizzling on the stove.” Immediately, we are brought inside Felipe’s home with its distinctive smells and sounds; our stomach seems to growl alongside hers. Use descriptive, sensory language to engage your reader, bring them into your world, and make your writing shine. One-sentence paragraphs are catchy. A one-sentence paragraph, as Im sure youve gleaned,  is a paragraph that is only one sentence long. The form has been employed by everyone from Tim O’Brien to Charles Dickens and, now, the writers of this years featured Times college essays. “I live on the edge,” Ms. Treborn declares at the beginning of her poetic essay on the differences between her mother and father’s worlds. “The most exciting part was the laptop,” asserts Zoe Sottile, the recipient of the Tang Scholarship at Phillips Academy in her essay about the mutability and complexity of class identity. Starting your essay with a one-sentence paragraphâ€"a line of description, a scene, or a question, for exampleâ€"is a great way to hook the reader. You could also use a one-sentence paragraph mid-essay to emphasize a point, as  Ms. Treborn does, or in your conclusion. A one-sentence paragraph is one of many tricks that you have in your writing toolkit to  make your reader pause and take notice. The Familiar Can Be Fascinating. The most daring essay this year, a rant on the imbalances of power embedded in the service industry by Caitlin McCormick, delivers us into the world of a family bed and breakfast with its clinking silverware and cantankerous guests demanding twice-a-day room cleanings. In Ms. Felipe’s more atmospheric piece, we enter her home before dinnertime where we see her attempting to study while her sisters giggle and watch Youtube cat videos. These are the environments these students grew up in, and they inspired everything from frustration at glaring class inequalities to gratitude for  the dream of a better life. Rather than feeling like you have to write about something monumental, focus on the familiar, and consider how your environment has shaped you. How did you grow upâ€"in the restaurant business, on a farm, in a house full of artists, construction workers, or judges? Bring us into your world, describing it meticulously and thoughtfully. Tease out th e connection between your environment and who you are/what you strive for today and you will be embarking on the path of meaningful self-discovery, which is the key to college essay success. About Nina BaileyView all posts by Nina Bailey »

Business Process Designing An Advertisement - 927 Words

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Having a large target audience to view your advertisement will show large impacts and interest in your product. 5. Budget Planning: Budget planning is an important process of any advertisement. If your budget is too high but the production is low the end product will be unsatisfactory. While having high production and low budget will limit the potential of the advertisement. Explain all roles, from the business process. Advertisement Director: This person is in charge of the overall production of this advertisement. 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Qualitative Methods Of Environmental Studies - 2021 Words

In Qualitative Methods in Environmental Studies, we learned a great deal of different methodological approaches to research. We gained a better understanding of what qualitative methods actually is and the important roles researcher and participant play throughout the research process. Leavy describes qualitative research as â€Å"a way of learning about social reality† (2014, p. 2). It is important to know that qualitative research is not a one-way approach to collecting and generating knowledge. It is an interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, or counterdisciplinary methodological field; meaning that it looks at a variety of perspectives and utilizes its many approaches to research (Leavy, 2014, p. 2). Ultimately, there is a â€Å"social justice†¦show more content†¦This is so as to take in multiple points of view into consideration. As a novice qualitative researcher, I have and will continue to acknowledge the value my own situated experiences and knowledge. This ultimately relates to reflexivity, which is a â€Å"focus on how does who I am, who I have been, who I think I am, and how I feel affect data collection and analysis – that is, an acceptance and acknowledgment that how knowledge is acquired, organized, and interpreted is relevant to what the claims are† (Pillow, 2003, p. 176). Considering this allows me to be accountable for my thoughts and my social and political stance while going through the process of research. During the beginning stages of research, I was very much in favour of incorporating more green spaces on campus and was optimistic that my fellow York community members would agree (research journal, 2016). Looking at our research question: How does York University’s growing investment in infrastructure affect the student experience in regards to green space? I thought, yes, they will most definitely be impacted by this. But then I considered my background. I grew up in a relatively rural area, with farmland and forest surrounding my home. I am also a student of environmental studies. Clearly, I would advocate for more green spaces on campus. It was important for me to acknowledge this and not force my beliefs on other people. In order

Mrs.Daas Free Essays

Interpreter of Maladies Good Evening, My name is Trisha Hariramani. A student of The Cathedral Vidya School Lonavala Batch IBDP1 doing my English SL in the A1 course shall be presenting my individual oral presentation on the Character of Mrs. Das in the short story of The Interpreter of Maladies. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs.Daas or any similar topic only for you Order Now The collection of stories deals with the everyday lives of Indians abroad (mostly Bengali immigrants), as they go out into the New World with their Indian Diasporas at hand. Jhumpa Lahiri tells us tales of complicated marital relationship, infidelity and the powers of survival. Her short stories, Interpreter of maladies, the blessed house, Mrs. sen, and the treatment of Bibi haldar, are exclusively about women perceived through the eyes of a third person. Each of these female characters has the common motif of exclusion and to a certain extent the pursuit for fulfilment. I am going to be solely focusing on Mrs Das’s character, her traits and personality. In this story of cultural shock, the opening sentences which describes a bitter quarrel between Mrs. Das and her husband over who would take their daughter, Tina, to the bathroom, convey to the reader that not only does she have constrained marriage but also that her children are an obligation to her. Jhumpa Lahiri expands on this initial impression of disgust and depicts Mrs. Das to be self engrossed. She is portrayed to be indifferent to her surroundings. For instance when the men at the tea stall try and tease or entice her by singing Hindi love songs she doesn’t pay any mind at all. Her lack of understanding of the language reveals her cultural obliviousness. To add to this prevalent obliviousness the author describes Mrs. Das’s physical appearance and sense of clothing intently. By doing so she evokes Mrs. Das’s American background and upbringing. â€Å"Her hair was shorn a little longer than her husband’s† as opposed to the long black hair of a stereotypical Indian woman, this indicates that she is modern and doesn’t have a traditional Indian mindset. Lahiri explicitly portrays the ignorance of Indians abroad towards their homeland as well as the negligence of their cultural values. Jhumpa Lahiri could probably relate or has observed this because she was born and raised outside of India. Instances such as the little boys’ amusement towards the picture of â€Å"the elephant god† commonly known as Ganpati, who is one of the deities best-known and widely worshipped in India depicts how unaccustomed the Das’s were to their Hindu faith. Another example is when Mr. Das inquires about his wife to Tina and refers to Mrs. Das by her first name , this is a confined to be disrespectful in India. The Das’s were evidently tourists in their own country and hadn’t maintained their Indian Diasporas; these close observations are made through the eyes of Mr. Kapasi, their tour guide. Mr. Kapasi empathises with Mrs. Das and easily identifies symptoms of the couples strained marriage. Every relationship goes through hardships but theirs was prolonged, and this played like a broken record in Minas’ mind. She was convinced that she had fallen out of love with her childhood sweetheart and it dawned on her that she may have missed out on what life had to offer. She reflected her life day in a day out eventually falling out of love with life as well. Mrs. Das was gravely depressed. We could relate her eating habit with this). She believed that her husband didn’t suspect or sense their strained marriage but I reckon he did, he just refused to acknowledge or accept the fact. Their marital problems are revealed through their constant bickering, frustrated tones, the indifference towards one another as well as the protracted silences. More than that is their total disregard for each other’s opinion. For instance, Mrs. Das had thought Mr. Kapasi second job to be romantic. â€Å"Mr. das craned to look at her. â€Å"What’s so romantic about it? His tone was vexing. The essence of her maternity is alas implicit. There are several instances where she displays an unruly temperament as a mother. For example; Not holding Tina’s hand as they walked to the restroom, nor did she call on the carpet when Tina fiddled with the lock of the car door. While applying nail polish her daughter’s immaterial demand to have some put on her as well was turned down. â€Å"Leave me alone,† she said turning her body slightly. â€Å"You’re making me mess up. † Once again expressing her selfish demeanour. Indirectly implying to the reader to the reader that a bottle of nail paint was more important to this woman than the one she so lovingly conceived her daughter Tina , how the value of love is lost to the realms of a materialistic object which in reality is unimportant, valueless and temporary. In strong comparison, Mr. Das was more of a father figure. He made an effort to mind the children and answer their dewy-eyed queries. â€Å"What’s Dallas? † Tina asked. â€Å"It went off the air,† Mr. Das explained. â€Å"It’s a television show. † This shows us that Mr. Das doesn’t ignore his children and that he disciplines them when needed. Don’t touch it† Mr. Das warned Ronny. He could see that the little boy was fascinated by the goat and was tempted to go play with it. Unfortunately, when the child rushed over to play with the goat he just frowned and didn’t intervene. Mr. Kapasi finds it hard to believe that the Das’s w ere regularly responsible for anything other than themselves. This is subjective because this may be strange to someone who has been brought up in India but to an American it could be completely normal. In the story, Lahiri distinctly puts it across to the reader that they weren’t ready to take on the role of parents, and that they were too young. Mrs. Das sounds more like a teenager being dragged for a family vacation by her parents. Rather than a mature parent aware of her responsibilities. She came out of hiding behind her dark brown sunglasses only when Mr. Kapasi revealed his second job as an interpreter. The attention that Mr. Kapasi received intoxicated him and made him delirious. Little did he know that her sudden interest in him wasn’t genuine and that she had an ulterior motive . Her intentions, which were to relieve herself of her burdensome secret, were blatantly put across when the two were left alone in the car. Mr. Kapasi reads Mrs. Das like an open book at this point. She confesses to him her adultery, and justifies her doings. Her overwhelmed youth being taken from her, having no one to confide in after a bad day, loneliness, this gives me a sense of why she behaved the way she did and had her unconventional feelings to throw everything away. She was expecting a remedy for the way she had felt, unfortunately Mr. Kapasi had failed to meet her expectations, she also felt insulted by what he had to say to her. This is depicted by the glare that she gives him. She then turns her back to him and gets out of the car. Is is really pain you feel, Mrs Das, or is it guilt? † Mr. Kapasi certainly hadn’t provided her with a remedy for her ail, but he got to the heart of the matter. After all he was only an Interpreter of Maladies. I found Mrs. Das’s character particularly appealing because of how the story manifested her selfish and egotistical behaviour. Until the very end of the story the reasons for her bad behaviour is a mystery to the reader. As one reads on you are able to empathize with her as she justifies her behaviour and expresses her agony and frustration that she has been suppressing for over a decade. I’d like to end with a quote; How to cite Mrs.Daas, Papers

Battle Of Shiloh Essay Example For Students

Battle Of Shiloh Essay The Battle of ShilohAfter taking Fort Donelson, Ulysses Grant had wanted to move on theConfederate base in Corinth, Mississippi, where Albert Sidney Johnston, the Confederatecommander in the West, was known to be assembling troops. Grant was ordered to delayhis advance until Union General Don Carlos Buell, who had been operating in EastTennessee, could join him. Early on April 6, 1862, Johnstons army, which had come up to the federal linesundetected, struck Grants army, which was encamped at Pittsburg Landing on theTennessee River. The Battle of Shiloh followed. Grants Federal army was not fully prepared for the thousands of screaming rebelswho burst out of the woods near Shiloh church on that early Sunday morning of April 6. We will write a custom essay on Battle Of Shiloh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They first hit the two green divisions of William Tecumseh Sherman and of Benjamin M. Prentiss. Sherman performed this day with coolness and courage. He was everywherealong his lines at Shiloh, shoring up his raw troops and inspiring them to hurl back theinitial assaults, which caused staggering losses on both sides. Sherman himself waswounded slightly and had three horses shot under him. On his left Prentisss men alsostood fast at first, while up from the rear came reinforcements form the other threedivisions, two of which had fought at Donelson. Waiting for Buells arrival at army headquarters nine miles downriver, Grant heardthe firing as he sat down to breakfast. Commandeering a dispatch boat, he steamed up toPittsburg Landing and arrived on the battlefield about 9:00. The fighting by this time hadreached a level unprecedented in the war. Johnston and Gen. Pierre Gustave T. Beauregard committed all six of their divisions early in the day. All of Grants soldiers inthe vicinity also double-timed to the front, which stretched six miles between theTennessee River on the Union left and Owl Creek on the right. Grant sent a courier tosummon Lew Wallaces division to the battlefield. But Wallace took the wrong road andhad to countermarch, arriving too late to participate in the battle on April 6. Grants fivedivisions had to do all the fighting that first day at Shiloh. Johnston went personally to the front on the Confederate right to rally exhaustedtroops by his presence. There in midafternoon he was hit in the leg by a bullet that severedan artery and caused him to bleed to death. The South would anguish the loss of Johnstonwho was one of its ablest commanders. Beauregard took command and tried to keep up the momentum of the attack. Bythis time Confederates had driven back the Union right and left two miles from theirstarting point. In the center, though, Prentiss with the remaining fragments of his divisionand parts of two others had formed a hard knot of resistance along a country road that therebels called the hornets nest. Grant had ordered Prentiss to maintain that position at allhazards. Southern commanders launched a dozen separate assaults against it. Although18,000 Confederates closed in on Prentisss 4,500 men, the uncoordinated nature of rebelattacks enabled the Yanks to repel each of them. The southerners finally pounded thehornets nest with sixty-two field guns and surrounded it with infantry. Prentisssurrendered his 2,200survivors at 5:30, an hour before sunset. Their tough andcourageous stand had bought time for Grant to post the remainder of his army along thePittsburg Landing ridge. Lew Wallaces lost division was arriving an d Buells lead brigade was crossing theriver as Beauregard decided he would not authorize a final assault in the gatheringtwilight. He sensed that his own army was disorganized and fought out. .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c , .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .postImageUrl , .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c , .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:hover , .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:visited , .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:active { border:0!important; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:active , .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5952b98ed9d4aec82f580273c34fc9c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Product Layouts EssayOn April 7 Buell and Grant put 25,000 fresh troops into action alongside 15,000battered survivors who had fought the first day. The number of Beauregards effectivetroops, due to casualties and straggling, now stood at about 25,000. Grant never waveredin his determination to counterattack. Across the lines Beauregard had sent a victory telegram to Richmond: After asevere battle of ten hours, thanks be to the Almighty, we gained a complete victory,driving the enemy from every position. If Beauregard had been aware of Grantsreinforcements he would not have been so confident. The Second day at Shiloh began with a surprise attack, but now the Yankees weredoing the attacking. All along the line Buells Army of the Ohio and Grants Army ofWestern Tennessee swept forward, encountering little resistance at first from thedisorganized rebels. In mid-morning the confederate line stiffened, and for hours the battleraged as hotly as on the previous day. By midafternoon the advancing Union troops had pressed the Confederates backto the point of their original attack. Not only did the Yanks have fresh troops and moremen, but also the southerners morale had suffered a blow when they realized they had notwon a victory after all. At about 2:30 Beauregard issued the order to retreat. The Uniontroops were too fought out and shot up for effective pursuit over muddy roads. Both theblue and the gray had had enough fighting. Coming at the end of a year of war, Shiloh was the first battle on a scale thatbecame commonplace during the next three years. The killed and wounded at Shiloh werenearly double the battle casualties at Manassas, Wilsons Creek, Fort Donelson, and PeaRidge combined. Gone was any romantic innocence of war. Sherman described piles ofdead soldiers mangled bodies?without heads and legs. The scenes on this field wouldhave cured anybody of war. Although victorious, Grant was accused of lackingelementary caution by some and found himself somewhat vilified in the North over theamount of Federal casualties in this battle. History Essays

History of African Americans

The readings that are going to be discussed in the paper tell the history of African Americans, their struggles for civil rights, and their integration into the social and political life of the country. The examples provided by the authors illustrate how a certain ethnic or racial group may be discriminated by the society and how they can become an inseparable part of the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of African Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This progress can be explained by the political activism of black people. These are the main issues that should be discussed in more detail. To a great extent, they are essential for understanding the history of the United States. The history of African Americans is described by David Levinson and Melvin Ember. These scholars eloquently demonstrate that black people were often denied the right to humanity and for a long time the government was unofficially opposed to their integration into the community, especially at the time when the policy of segregation was adopted (Levinson and Ember 255). Very often they were excluded from political life of the community. Nevertheless, the collective effort of African Americans led to the elimination of official barriers that prevented these people from becoming full citizens of the United States. Their political activism led to the creation of the term African American which indicates that these people defended their right to be a part of American community. Nevertheless, one should not suppose that the socio-economic conditions of black people are not affected by the legacies of racism in the United States. For example, Ellis Cashmore acknowledges African Americans have achieved success in such areas as politics, economy, or army (231). Still, the studies indicate that black people may be discriminated in the workplace or courts. Certainly, the laws of the United States officially prohibit any form of racial prejudice. However, this bias can still affect the opinions and decisions of many people. This is one of the main issues that people should take into account. Apart from that, these reading show how a racial or ethnic group can integrate themselves into the political system of the country. In particular, James Jennings shows that in the early eighties, black community became critical for the success of politicians and they had to consider the interests of these people. Moreover, a great number of black people entered the House of Representatives and Senate.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This progress enabled many black people to voice their opinions about the policies of the state. So, they were better able to affect the decisions taken by the government. Moreover, one should note that African-American politicians enjoy popularity among many vote rs who can be both black and white. Therefore, one can argue that the political power of African Americans has increased in the course of the twentieth century. Overall, there are several trends identified in the readings. First of all, in the course of American history, the government was rather unwilling to change its attitude toward black people. Only their political activism and unanimity enabled them to achieve a higher status within American society. Nevertheless, one should note that unofficial racism may still exist and it may affect the lives of African Americans. The questions identified in the readings are vital for understanding social or political issues relevant to American society because the population of the country grows in part because of immigrants who may come from different regions of the world. Works Cited Cashmore, Ellis. â€Å"African Americans†. Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic Studies. Ed. Ernest Cashmore and Ellis Cashmore. New York: Routledge, 2008 . 231-232. Print. Levinson David and M. Ember. â€Å"African Americans.† American Immigrant Cultures: Builders of a Nation, Ed. David Levinson and Melvin Ember. New York: Macmillan 1997. 255-262. Print. This essay on History of African Americans was written and submitted by user Kristopher Barr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Canadian Foreign Policy

Does Canada have an Independent Foreign Policy? Canada, a Nation Ahead of it’s Time? The question regarding â€Å"Does Canada have an independent foreign policy?† must first be deconstructed before it can be answered. Firstly, the nation of ‘Canada’ must be defined. Canada is the north most nation of North America, formerly a colony of both Britain and France contributing to multilingual culture, with a wide array of environmental landscapes, on either side of the nation are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The country is comprised of 10 provinces and 3 territories and has a population of approximately 31,499,560 (Statistics Canada). Secondly the word ‘Independent’ must be defined, Webster’s 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines it as: Not governed by a foreign power; self-governing. This definition must be expanded to say that independent includes a free will of the government to conduct foreign affairs as they feel is in the best interests of the people who reside in the country. Finally and most importantly ‘Foreign p olicy must be defined. Webster's 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines 'foreign policy' as "the policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states." Sovereign means having absolute power within a limited scope: the borders of a country. Foreign policy can further be expressed as the diplomatic strings which hold this world together. The actions of one state affect the people in other states. The best example of the actions of states being affected by other nation’s policy is with regards to war. When a country is at war, even if it is civil war it affects other states because of things like refugees fleeing a war torn homeland in hope for a peaceful settlement. It also affects countries with operations inside the war torn country. This example illustrates that the actions of one states policy affects others. These explanations of the key terms in the question regarding wh... Free Essays on Canadian Foreign Policy Free Essays on Canadian Foreign Policy Does Canada have an Independent Foreign Policy? Canada, a Nation Ahead of it’s Time? The question regarding â€Å"Does Canada have an independent foreign policy?† must first be deconstructed before it can be answered. Firstly, the nation of ‘Canada’ must be defined. Canada is the north most nation of North America, formerly a colony of both Britain and France contributing to multilingual culture, with a wide array of environmental landscapes, on either side of the nation are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The country is comprised of 10 provinces and 3 territories and has a population of approximately 31,499,560 (Statistics Canada). Secondly the word ‘Independent’ must be defined, Webster’s 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines it as: Not governed by a foreign power; self-governing. This definition must be expanded to say that independent includes a free will of the government to conduct foreign affairs as they feel is in the best interests of the people who reside in the country. Finally and most importantly ‘Foreign p olicy must be defined. Webster's 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines 'foreign policy' as "the policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states." Sovereign means having absolute power within a limited scope: the borders of a country. Foreign policy can further be expressed as the diplomatic strings which hold this world together. The actions of one state affect the people in other states. The best example of the actions of states being affected by other nation’s policy is with regards to war. When a country is at war, even if it is civil war it affects other states because of things like refugees fleeing a war torn homeland in hope for a peaceful settlement. It also affects countries with operations inside the war torn country. This example illustrates that the actions of one states policy affects others. These explanations of the key terms in the question regarding wh...

Organic is the solution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organic is the solution - Research Paper Example Over the years, consumer behavior has been observed that seeks low prices for food items as consumers spend more money frequently on food items as compared to any other product. This has created a huge demand for inorganic foods in the market. The purpose of this report is to provide useful information about the use and availability of organic food items. In this action research report, findings from a personal visit to Wal-Mart store are presented regarding availability and other factors affecting sale of organic foods. This would allow generalization of findings related to lower demand for organic foods and also, set out recommendations for boosting their consumption. A general understanding about organic foods is that they cost more than inorganic foods to purchase. There are several reasons for organic foods to be more expensive. These are not only related to the cost of production, but also to various factors, which indirectly affect production of organic foods. Limited availabi lity of land restricts supply, which causes rises in price. Low turnover per employee working on the farm results in higher costs of production. Limited supply has direct effect on the transportation and distribution costs (FAO). In the US, organic food producers are required to obtain a certificate from US Department of Agriculture, which is very expensive to attain. The pre-requisites of this certificate require producers to have new equipment and methods to ensure consumer safety and maintain the standards of quality (Canavari and Olson). This adds to the costs of producing organic foods. At Wal-Mart, the phenomenon of higher costs and pricing is observed. The data for different food items both organic and non-organic are compared and it is clear that for the same product the price of organically produced item is higher than that of non-organic foods. For example, at Wal-mart, Avocados-Hass (non-organic) is sold at a price of $0.99 per unit; whereas, the price of Avocados-Hass (o rganic) is $1.61 per unit. It has been noted that all food retailers including major supermarkets or corner shops display and sell inorganic foods with limited space provided for organic foods. The display of organic food items in the store plays an important role in attracting customers. Since, the consumer choice of organic items is limited therefore, it is important for retailers to invest in adjusting designs of their stores to display organic items clearly. All major retail markers have clearly designated areas for shelving organic items. Although, Wal-Mart has clearly placed signs for organic items, but genetically modified products are also shelved very near to organic food items, which often confuses consumers and they end buying products that are not organic. Moreover, there is a lack of marketing and advertisements of organic products in the store. In comparison, non-organic products and brands are displayed in visible areas of the store. There is a common agreement on the view that organic food items are beneficial for humans as they are free from industrial chemicals and preservatives, which increase the age of non-organic food items (Givens; Langley). However, there is a limitation to this as the shelf life of organic food items is short. Since, the supply of organic food items is slower as compared to the demand therefore it becomes difficult for stores to replenish their empty shelves. For retail stores, empty shelves are considered as their loss as unsatisfied customers shift to other retail

Wiki level English proof Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wiki level English proof - Essay Example gic" So far, the Daogame has successfully held three investment fair, about 20 of 60 pocketgame development teams received support from Daogame investment & trading conference and got over 48 million financial support from investor. The closed matrix mode is used in time cost management and CP quality management by Daogame investment & trading conference as a leader in pocket game industry. Moreover, Daogame investment & trading conference aim at high quality service pocket game developer and investor. 1. Oydcapital aim at TMT investment project that include pocket game, mobile Internet, e-commerce. They explore value of potential and creative idea. All members of fund management team were graduated from Tsinghua and Peking University. They have a great experience overses in the relative industry. With its operational experience and accumulated in the Sino-US trade both rich industry resources and connections to make up for insufficient investment in the company, as they seek opportunities for cooperation, customer follow-up financing and mergers and acquisitions or listing opportunities. Currently, Oydcapital have invested in 20 of 50 pocket game company. Such as EGLS (3billion sold to Dragon pipe manufacture co.Ltd), Lexun, Meituan.com. 2. Newmargin Ltd. is one of the largest investment company in China was established at 21 of July 1991. In the Chinese market Newmargin produce investment mode by many years’ development and exploration. Newmargin has over 400 clients, most of them coming from IT industry. such as Sina(one of largest web portal in China), UC, Xiaomi, Vancl, Kugou(popular online music platform in China), Thunder etc. Around 50-60 organizations were listed in market by Newmargin support. 3. China Renaissance K2 Ventures is one of the angle investor in technic area. Their clients include jumei.com, Centaur.cn, zhaogang.com, meilele.com, mojichina, Meet you, lmbang, breadtrip, Airline

Development of Automatic Sunlight Tracking System

Development of Automatic Sunlight Tracking System Creations Automatic System of Tracking for Independent Concentrators of Sunlight J.Z.Akhadov1,*, A.A.Abdurahmanov1, M.S.Payzullaxanov1, A.A.Kuchkà Ã‚ °rov1, M.A.Mamatqosimov1, I.M.Saydumarov2, F.A.Giyasova2, T.S.Saidvaliev1 Abstract The new type of the solar gauge working by means of photo diodes SV-256 is developed. Thus accuracy of management of solar concentrators reception processes heated pair for development electricity and heat, and also hydrogen in a focal zone of concentrating systems completely provides. It was shown, that the system of tracking developed by us heliostat for trajectory the Sun has high accuracy. Linear changes of the center of a stain in dynamics makes only 2 mm that corresponds 30-80 angle to seconds. Such accuracy of tracking allows carrying out high-temperature researches in a focal zone of the concentrator. Keywords SolarPower Installation, Automatic System of Tracking, Solar Energy, the Solar Independent Combined Installation 1. Mirror Concentrating Systems One of problems of creation of concentrators of sunlight this maintenance of their orientation after visible movement of the Sun. Generally the problem of orientation of mirror concentrating systems (MCS) consists in maintenance of its such spatial position at which reflected from MCS beams constantly move on the receiver (see fig. 1). Figure 1. The Basic Scheme System of Tracking of Independent Solar Installations (The Sun- The Concentrator The Receiver) 1.1. Tracking Systems Till now are practically investigated accuracy of tracking MCS by means of optical gauges, including the size tolerance zones or a dead zone, together with accuracy the tracking’s provided with optical gauges, and also as a whole is investigated dynamics of change of corners of orientation MCS (including heliostat) within day and year, especially in the presence of overcast [1]. The problem consists that such solar gauges already grows old and not where in the world is not issued such gauges. Proceeding from it we developed new systems of tracking for solar installations with accuracy 1 angle/min. Such system of tracking copes very conveniently and easily. There are the following primary goals of orientation connected with two basic operating modes of system MCS the receiver. In the first scheme the receiver is established on MCS and moves together with it the mode of direct tracking and the second scheme the receiver is not connected with MCS and is usually motionless so-called heliostat operating mode MCS/1/. The literature analysis [2-3] shows, that generally for creation of control systems by orientation (tracking systems) both on the first and on the second following data are necessary for schemes: The equation of movement of object (in this case the equation of visible movement of the Sun); A range kinematic, dynamic, mechanical and accuracy characteristics of the rotary devices depending on their constructive scheme; Actually knowledge demanded accuracy and dynamic characteristics of control system MCS. Thus tracking systems can be divided on automatic and the programs the operated. The automated control system of tracking to classify to various signs: to destination, accuracy, a scope, an action principle etc. The basic problem consists that for individual using of independent solar installations is necessary simple system of tracking of the concentrator for the sun that not knowing what automatics and the computer any person operated system. For this purpose, the automated control systems of tracking of independent solar concentrators have developed the new scheme system of tracking by means of photo diodes SV-256 (fig. 2). Figure 2. Developed the Block of Management of Orientations MCS and Developed Solar the Gauge on the Basis of Photo Diodes SV-256 For maintenance specified above functions of management by orientation MCS should include following subsystems: the solar gauge, the executive mechanism providing turns MCS and including a reducer, a drive (electric motor); a control system including the block actually of management and the converter of signals, carrying out transformation and giving of signals on intensifying and executive mechanisms. 2. Solar Gauge The primary goal which the solar gauge as it has been specified above should carry out is binding MCS and its axes of rotation to local geographical to ordinates concerning which the law of movement of object of tracking (in our case of the Sun) can be usually certain. Developed by us the solar gauge consists of 4 photo diodes which is established one plate and divided into 4 blocks. 2.1. Solar Installations The developed automatic system of tracking of concentrators about accuracy 1 angle/min. also it is conducted tests in 1500 and 5000 W them solar installations. In further the developed system will be used in parabolic cylinder the concentrator the size 10ц¦10à Ã‚ ¼ (fig.3). Figure 3. A photo of the Developed Concentrator in diameter of 6 m The offered automated control system of tracking of independent solar concentrators with the new scheme of systems of tracking by means of photo diodes SV-256 has accuracy 30-80 angle. To seconds, tests are spent to 1,5 and 5 kW solar installations. 2.2. Models The solar power plant thermal capacity 1500 W consists from heliostatsand the sunlight concentrator. Heliostat directs solar beams on the concentrator in parallel in horizontal an axis. The parabolic concentrator reflects solar beams in focus. The tracking system is necessary for maintenance in focus of the concentrator of a stable power stream of a solar energy heliostat for the sun with high accuracy. Power light exposure of a focal zone of the concentrator it is possible allows to synthesize materials, and also to receive overheated steam for reception electric and thermal energy [4]. If the receiver has rather big thermal inertia its thermal mode will be close to stationary and development of energy or converter efficiency will be defined by an average for the period arrival of energy [5]. In a dynamic mode an average for the period Ï„ value of density of energy à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢efin a focal point A on an element of surface N, equally (1) where, à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ÃŽ ² density of a direct solar stream. With certain degree of approach the average for the period in a dynamic mode can be considered a system condition as some static condition in aim position, but with the seeming, effective parameter of accuracy heft. In effect, almost in all cases of natural research of solar power plants their power parameters resulted frequently without references to accuracy of tracking and considered as objective (that is received at exact by adjust on a source), carry actually effective (dynamic) character. On fig. 4. a, b are shown experimental works a deviation of the center of a stain from a focal point Ain working conditions of system of tracking heliostat on a day trajectory of the Sun. As shows the analysis at such accuracy of tracking heliostat on the Sun trajectory, the deviation of the center of a stain from a focal point essentially does not change (fig. 5). a) b) Figure 4. Changes of a Stain in a Focal Zone 1,5 à Ã… ¡W the Solar Furnace. Figure 5. Dependence of an Angular Deviation of a Stain on a Corner of Disclosing of The Concentrator at Various Linear Deviations 3. Conclusions Experimental and settlement works have shown that the system of tracking developed by us heliostat for trajectory the Sun has high accuracy (figs 4 and 5). Linear changes of the center of a stain in dynamics makes only 2 mm that corresponds 30 80 angle to seconds. Such accuracy of tracking allows carrying out high-temperature researches in a focal zone of the concentrator.

7-Eleven Casestudy

INTRODUCTION The ability to respond quickly to the ever-changing marketplace is paramount to the success of most businesses. The convenience-store industry is a highly competitive one and 7-Eleven’s ability to become a leader market leader appears to be based on the company’s ability to quickly respond to the rapidly changing tastes and needs of the market. 7-Eleven has not always enjoyed success, especially in the 1980s when things got really bad for the company. Helped, however, arrived in the form of Ito-Yokado (the company’s Japanese Licensee).Ito-Yokado revamped the entire retailing approach of the company by introducing an innovative approach to retailing which, along with the aid of technologically advanced systems, significantly impacted 7-Eleven’s success. ANALYSIS Ito-Yokado’s innovative approach to retailing is known as â€Å"tanpin kanri† or â€Å"item-by-item management†, a business approach that revolves around the follow ing: 1. Carefully tracking and paying attention to the fine details of the buying preferences of customers 2. Allowing the customers tastes and shopping habits to dictate the products that are carried in 7-eleven stores. -Eleven has been able to simplify the process of tracking and paying very close attention to the shopping habits of their shoppers by using the information systems installed in all of their stores. USING TECHNOLOGY TO IMPACT SUPPLY CHAIN VISIBILITY, VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY Technology plays a vital role in 7-Eleven’s supply chain. The company’s state-of-the-art information systems appear to have reduced the company’s supply chain risks by increasing visibility, while reducing variability and uncertainty. Supply Chain Visibility Supply Chain visibility is the ability to access relevant supply chain information.Thanks to cutting-edge technology, like the Mobile Operations terminal or MOT, 7-Eleven knows the exact amount of individual items that are sold in each of its 5,800 North American stores on a daily basis. Another technology: the MC3000 handheld scanner lets the company collect data on items as they come off delivery trucks- increasing the company’s visibility on a real-time basis. 7-Eleven’s supply chain visibility has been greatly impacted by technology as it allows the company to better predict, with great accuracy, the number of individual SKUs that each store will sell. Supply Chain VariabilitySupply chain variability involves volatility in the flow of goods and services in a supply chain. By having the right systems in place, 7-Eleven’s supply chain variability appears to have significantly decreased. The MOT system at 7-Eleven, for example, allows stores to better forecast the number of individual SKUs, resulting in decreased storage and spoilage costs; and the elimination of potential bullwhip or snowball effects. MOT has also slashed the amount of time and labour that it takes to count inventory and to order new products, causing an improvement in company efficiency and a decrease in variability.Supply chain uncertainty Supply chain uncertainty occurs when decision makers do not know what to base their decisions on (due to a lack of proper information). 7-Eleven store managers used to color code information manually physically keep track of frozen sandwiches by their written expiration dates and would sometimes make sandwiches on the premise when instructed by corporate management. Information systems now allow stores to accurately forecast the number of stock/items that need to be replenished, resulting in significantly reduced uncertainty. THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY AT 7-ELEVENTechnology has played a crucial role in increasing 7-Elevens profitability and market share. The hundreds of millions of dollars that the company has invested in technology in the past decade appear to be paying dividends in the following ways: †¢Increased profitability: Last year, t he store reported $12. 2 billion in revenues †¢Increased share prices: Company stocks have soared above $30, since trading for less than $6 in early 2003. †¢Consecutive sales increases: The company boasts 35 consecutive quarters of same-store sales increases Technology plays a crucial role in the gathering, analyzing and distribution of information at 7-eleven.While other convenience stores chains have just gotten around to POS scanning, 7-Eleven has item-by-item information gathering systems that assist in day-to-day decision making. 7-Eleven’s retail information system or RIS provides timely sales data that enables stores to tailor their product assortments to meet the demands of their customers, reducing the risks involved in introducing new products ( due to the availability of sales data within 24 hours of a product’s introduction). The 7-exchange data system for category management, which suppliers access online, provides insights that can lead to new p roducts or product packaging.The information on this system can even alert suppliers to a potential or missed opportunity. 7-Eleven’s has opened its doors to small suppliers through its Web Vendor terminal. Suppliers who cannot afford EDI use this to communicate with the company and accept orders for very specific items like ethnic items or the self-serve espresso in a Manhattan store 7-ELEVEN’S BUSINESS STRATEGY The driving force behind 7-Eleven’s success appears to be the company’s ability to execute a Customer Intimacy strategy.Customer intimacy involves targeting specific market segments, then tailoring offerings that meet the demands of these segments. Companies that excel at this are known to: 1. combine detailed customer knowledge with operational flexibility (so they can respond quickly to fulfil the needs of their customers) 2. Continuously tailor and shape their products and services (in order to fit their customers). According to Keith Morrows, 7-Eleven’s CIO and VP of information systems, â€Å"decisions about what should be in the store are best made at the store, at the moment of truth, by people in the store, on a real-time basis†.This allows the company to shape their stores around the customer’s day-to-day habits, instead of basing company decisions on focus groups, marketing research or non-scientific guesses. Pursuing a Customer Intimacy strategy can be expensive: 7-Eleven spent $93 million on technology as the company installed new HP servers, wireless LAN, computer-based training software and new ordering system for fresh foods. Customer intimate companies, however, are willing to spend in order to build long-term customer loyalty that provides lifetime value to the company.

Apprising Employees at the San Diego Zoo

Reed Nevers Chapter 8 Case study Case study 2 November 10,2012 Online Employee performance 1. The San Diego Zoological Society finally came to the realization that they needed more from their employees even though the society was nonprofit. After further research the society decided to go with a new appraisal system to evaluate their employees. They concluded it would be an online appraisal system. The strategy behind this system was to come up with a collaboration that would coincide with the organizational goals, and give the ability of the employee to set their own goals.This idea would help prevent breakdown within the system, which allows the employees to communicate on a personal basis. This system eventually lead to a merit based platform to help pay the employees' salaries. Not only did the system reach its goals it allowed those who were slightly computer illiterate to be able to add input and it allowed the employees to record their achievements. 2. Is it worth it for the s ociety to go with an online system? There are the pros and cons.For example by changing to an online system the society will be able to streamline their efforts of recruiting, reduce paperwork, while increasing a subjective base of individuals, furthermore it allows the managers to design a process that fits their needs and ideals based upon the organization's mission. On the flipside the employees have concerns about the outcome of the sample that is generated by the software. They feel that it could be biased based upon the organizational needs instead of the employee's needs. 3.I feel that the new appraisal system will allow the employee to have the opportunity to track their performance achievements throughout the year in a simple way, this process will be beneficial to them when it comes to the annual appraisal with their managers. The managers on the other hand will have the ability to track and maintain a centralized data base of information of measures to help establish a ba seline on the employee for the annual appraisal. The online system will benefit both the employee and the manager.

Taking a Look at Gun Control - 554 Words

The government has become lazy! This is very important because if anyone is allowed to buy a gun nowhere would be safe. People would not like leaving there home because they would feel unsafe and scared. The government needs to make sure the laws are being followed, that they have proper enforcement, and think about the effects on the people if they are too leaniant with the gun control laws. Gun laws are slowly getting less strict the effects of that are being shown today, gun laws should stay the same. If the laws are less strict more criminals will be able to buy guns which is bad. If the laws are even more strict then some people might not be able to buy guns to protect themselves and their homes. The government denied 126,000 people out of the 7,831,000 people who applied for them.(Longely) This shows that the government itself is becoming more lenient with gun control. The amount of people that werent able to get guns were only â€Å"about 1.6 percent â€Å" of the total amount.(Longely) The quote shows how the government is slowly denying less and less people so they are eventually going to stop denying altogether! The government needs to make their laws on gun control stay the same as the past, not let it drop more each year. The government has failed to pay attention to the fact that many states are not following the laws around gun purchasing. If more criminal s are allowed to buy guns that could cause a lot more violence in the United States. The Associated PressShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Gun Control1263 Words   |  5 PagesGun control is one of the most controversial topics in our country. There are two main views. The first is the view as it is said in the United States Constitution, they guns should be legal for civilian ownership. 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